Flameboys > teleport > SpearBoys > teleport > Gael. The bonfire cannot be accessed when there are enemies nearby. 2194 Downloads. Walkthrough. To install the mod, simply extract the BossRush. Anor Londo is a Location in Dark Souls 3. Ds2- the room w/ stone soldiers and ruin sentinels in drangleic castle by the bonfire Ds3 - irrithyl dungeons Demons - world 4 and 5, though they both have great loot I just struggle Elden ring- siofra/nokron I just find it to be kind of a drag Bloodborne- anywhere winter lanterns are presentLight the Demon Ruins bonfire below and continue down the next flight of stairs. Installation. There are some minor changes like the location of the Dried Finger and a new bonfire by Blacksmith Vamos,. A Hollow Archer is stationed up on a. ; Undead Bone Shards will further upgrade how much. For now, if you go down the stairs from the Firelink bonfire you should see an item pile behind a set of metal bars where the firekeeper used to be. Bosses in Dark Souls 3 are powerful foes which constitute some of the most challenging experiences in the game. 41-1. General Information. Champion Gundyr is a different version of Iudex Gundyr, however he utilizes the. Follow the path and you will find the crystal lizard. High Wall of Lothric - from the Bonfire. The Soul of Cinder is seen as the amalgamation of all the Lords of. It drops the Red Eye Orb. 3840x1620 Dark Souls III HD Wallpaper">. Every Day new 3D Models from all over the World. At the Vordt of the Boreal Valley bonfire, run straight. Dark Souls - Bonfire. This Dark Souls 3 Aldrich Boss Guide features locations, strategies and videos on how to defeat Aldrich, Devourer of Gods easily, as well as tips, weaknesses, trivia and lore notes for the Aldrich boss. Originally posted by IRIS: Hi guys. Many people seem to be having trouble finding all the Angel hosts in the Ringed City DLC. Run past this silver knight, and go down the stairs. Swiftly nocks three arrows with finesse after drawing the bow, firing them simultaniously. One can be found before the first Road of Sacrifices bonfire. ini points to). There's a specific. You can find Alva, Seeker of the Spurned at Irithyll of the Boreal Valley past the Distant Manor bonfire, on the staircase leading to the Irithyll Dungeon. #1. When the player encounters a new Bonfire, it must be lit, or rested at to serve as the new spawnpoint if the player should die. Tower Ruins 2. Warrior of Sunlight is a Covenant in Dark Souls 3 . The Untended Graves (無縁墓地 Muenbochi, Cemetery of the Orphans) is an optional location in Dark Souls III. The options to use darksigns and quit the game are also faded out and unavailable as options. Can be killed. Thanks! #3. In the copy of Firelink Shrine in the Untended Graves, where the bonfire would be. Can be traded to Pickle Pee for a Titanite Slab. Ending 3: "Unkindled Ending" (Variation of ending #2) Complete the steps above but kill the fire keeper during the last moments of the cutscene. When all are vanquished in the depths, it's time to face the Gaping. Halflight is one of few bosses in the series that is capable of parrying and riposting player. In the dragonless age, this knight, who long guarded the ruined cathedral, left the land in search of the nameless king. In the next room you will find another Bonfire. Unlocks an elevator to a Darkwraith mini-boss just below The Tower on the Wall bonfire in High Wall of Lothric. HedonismBot Apr 17, 2016 @ 8:10am. zip folder to any location on your computer - just remember where it is. Click here to go to the speedrun section. At the. The Painted World of Ariandel is a location in Dark Souls III, accessible through the downloadable content Ashes of Ariandel. In DS3 a lot of the Bonfires are named after the boss that was located there instead of being named after the location itself. Half covered in foliage, the city looks desolated with ancient ruins. Undead Bone Shard is a Consumable in Dark Souls 3. This Dark Souls 3 Vordt of the Boreal Valley Guide features locations, strategies and videos on how to defeat Vordt of the Boreal Valley easily, as well as tips, weaknesses, trivia and lore notes for the Vordt boss. Complete Dark Souls III Guide. I don’t agree with this kind of setup especially with DS3’s multiplayer being good but not anything amazing. High Wall of Lothric. It happenes when you dont go to firelink shrine using the first category of places lets say u are in cathedral of the deep and click on firelinkthe shrine on the bottom the fog will appear spawn outside where u defeat the first boss the problem is then fixed. Haha I was so confused by the icon I didn't even notice the text. Oceiros, the Consumed King is a Boss in Dark Souls 3 (DKS3). Gives Young Dragon Ring and Slumbering Dragoncrest Ring. DS3 jumping remap I got killed so many times because I jumped when I needed to roll and vice versa. DS3 has the best system - with the game based around melee combat, spells bring more power, thus they are limited. Updated: 21 Apr 2023 00:27. Jump left or right to avoid the boulder. A fight to celebrate their undeath, and so to preserve what remained of their souls. The Lords of Cinder linked the First Flame, and this Greatsword was wielded by their deific manifestation. Go up the stairs and unlock the Grand Archives door with the key you just picked up. The Firelink Shrine bonfire can be upgraded to improve the amount of healing per Estus Flask use. It is accessed through a hidden wall in the chambers beyond Oceiros, the Consumed King. Find the hole and drop down to the statue of Gwyn to find this ring. Fire Keeper. Continue further deep and ignore the large entrance to the sewers to instead enter the room at the end containing the bonfire. He will grumble, but then soon follow and help you kill it. Catacombs of Carthus bonfire in Dark Souls 3. You do it by burning undead bone shards while resting at the fire. Turn right and you will find a sealed passage (in. It is there that you an burn up the Fragments of the undead's bone that you find. Areas with that icon next to them are the most populated areas at your current level & upgrade. Between the candle-lit staircase and the exit at the end of the room is an illusory wall with another staircase that also leads to the same area as the staircase next to it. Veer right and head into the very large and dark storage room. Get Wallpaper. i was at +6 last night and before I stopped I burnt another making the bonfire 7 but remaining at +6. o. Snowfield2. Increases uses of the Estus Flask/Ashen Estus Flask, up to a maximum of 15 (combined between the two Estus Flasks), once given to the Blacksmith at the Shrine. Bonfires in Dark Souls 3 are safe points within Locations where players can rest, repair equipment, recover Estus, and travel to other lit bonfires. Before the Lothric Prince Boss fight, there is a dome shaped roof with three golden. This coiled sword, found thrust in the bonfire, existed long before the throneless lords themselves. The difference being he can change the weapons shape at will for different uses and effects. You will arrive in a small building. After the credits, players are presented with an option to head straight into the next playthrough; if they opt not to, they can start the next playthrough later, from the Firelink. Dialogue. Before each volley of projectiles, the Angel will emit a loud scream to indicate an upcoming attack. Up the stairs you will find 2 more Man-serpents on top of an overhang. This Dark Souls 3 Crystal Sage Guide features locations, strategies and videos on how to defeat Crystal Sage easily, as well as tips, weaknesses, trivia and lore notes for the Crystal Sage boss. It really pisses me off when you are clinging to life just trying to make it to the next bonfire then some **s you up before you reach the progress point. Speed May 9, 2016 @ 6:16pm. Rosaria's Fingers collect tongues in her name. If a player has no upgrades, they can be paired with players with up to +1 weapons. 86 votes, 236 comments. With more than 200,000 new government contracts every year, Bonfire Premium Vendor gets you in front of limitless opportunities to win. Path of the Dragon Information. Follow the same installation process to integrate all saves! This will take a few minutes, as you will have to load into all ten save slots one at a time. Estus Ring. One of the twisted souls, steeped in strength. In the room ahead there’s a Demon Cleric to the left next to stairs heading down and four Smoldering Ghrus to the right also nest to stairs. To solve this puzzle, travel to the swamp area, and use a White Branch twice or the Chameleon spell while standing in the water. perhaps that was some bug. Avoid the super giant knight golems and head to a lever on the left side of the large chamber (the fog gate is behind the hero at this stage). 11 Sep 2021 08:07 . advertisement. Also, check out the Secrets page to find hidden Items and Illusory Walls. Undead Settlement Bonfires. The Ringed City DLC is accessed by two different bonfire locations; the first is found by traveling to Kiln of the First Flame before the Soul of Cinder fight, and the second is in the Painted World of Ariandel chapel by Sister Friede. Welcome to IGN's Walkthrough and Guide for Dark Souls 3, continuing with Archdragon Peak. Archdragon Peak bonfire. How to Access The Ringed City DLC - Method 1. I go to use the homeward bone, it won't let me, the option is faded out. Sir Vilhelm Information. undead bone shards at Firelink. Cathedral of the Deep + Show Cathedral of the Deep Bonfires. Anri of Astora Information. General Information. 11 Apr 2018 22:52 . These weapons have particularly strong running attacks. 17. Gael is one of the NPCs who cannot be killed, and has a special role to play in the story of the game. I came up with a few, but wondered if you guys had more. Covenant leader of the Watchdogs of Farron. Turn around and veer right for. I am Sirris, of the Sunless Realms, former servant of the Divinity. The Prison Tower Bonfire is a special one, located almost beside Anor Londo. Resting at a Bonfire will respawn all nearby enemies, but the player. Once radiant and warm with sunlight (albeit fake), it is now entirely dark and cold due to the absence of Dark Sun Gwyndolin. I mean, the main strenght of DS3 compared to the 2 previous games is its boss design, and you can only fight them once per NG cycle. See All. The path is very linear from here. updated Sep 6, 2017. The area can be accessed via an illusory wall behind a chest after Oceiros, the Consumed King's boss room. Go back into the large three-tier room and attack the Wyvern claw jammed through the doorway. Location. For business / Cancel. There are 10 Undead Bone Shards in Dark Souls 3. While a member of the Covenant, it allows you to be. MobiusPizza Oct 3, 2016 @ 5:18pm. Pass through the fog door. The Old Demon King is a large demon covered in flames and wields a giant hammer in. Now follow the path of the bone boulder into. Yes but only if you don’t count the start where you warp to the high wall that is the only required bonfire if I remember. Firelink Shrine Bonfire: Grab the Undead Bone Shard near a white tree that the Giant throws spears around, on the roof area of the Cathedral after navigating the graveyard and crossing a bridge. Am i justified in thinking that ds3 is about 500 times harder than the previous two titles combined. Amount of flasks the player carries can be increased using Estus Shard. Pick up the Soul of a Deserted Corpse from the corpse. To the OP, you want the Seamless Co-Op mod, go play Elden Ring, leave. Drakeblood Set (After you deafeat the Drakeblood warrior the first time in Archdragon Peak. #2. The area is a replica of Cemetery of Ash, but shrouded in total darkness and occupied by different enemies. However, a Golden Fog Gate blocks the way near the end and hence you cannot access all the area until you place the Lordvessel. thank god fromsoft realized how much people hated the master of rings achievement in ds3 and changed it to only needing the rare rings in ER. Explore the depths from this bonfire chamber. She is part of the Ashes of Ariandel DLC. This is near the centre of the back wall of the swamp. This Dark Souls 3 Darkeater Midir Guide features locations, strategies and videos on how to defeat Darkeater Midir easily, as well as tips, weaknesses, trivia and lore notes for the Darkeater Midir boss. Ennkej Mar 24, 2017 @ 6:08am. The charred but warm bones of a champion. Instead, continue forward. Make your way through there, fight the Thrall with the sword and open the doors. 2k more. . At the end of this path is a ladder that brings you up underneath the ballista. Embed the Coiled Sword into the fire pit in the center of the room, thereby igniting the Bonfire. 1. The Deacons of the Deep are a group of clerics that wield candlesticks in combat. Follow the path and you will find the crystal lizard. Head back toward the bonfire and take the staircase down, noting the. It may be possible to get invalid data if you do not install saves correctly. They serve the purpose of checkpoints, separating parts of a larger location and allowing you to travel between them instantaneously. Head past the bonfire to reach the Smouldering Lake. 12. From the small balcony behind the hut holding the Undead Settlement Bonfire, you can observe, far in the distance, a Giant atop a tall tower firing a Great Bow onto the valley below. Curse-Rotted Greatwood is a Boss in Dark Souls 3. The bonfire's cinders are the bones of Undead, and a bone that still burns is a fresh cinder indeed. And now. CryptoKilling the transforming enemy at the top of the tower drops 1 Titanite and 1 Ember. Watch the enemy's moves closely. Ultimate Bonfire: Reinforce a bonfire to the highest level. Road of Sacrifices Map . the location of all the bonfires in the smouldering lake area and a run down of some of the hidden items and wallsSpeak with him, then run and attack the demon. A holy sword eroded by the Abyss. All you have to do for this method is kill the knight right next to the bonfire, rest, and repeat. Anonymous. DS3 jumping remap I got killed so many times because I jumped when I needed to roll and vice versa. Walk into the. World Information / Locations. Welcome to IGN's Walkthrough and Guide for Dark Souls 3, continuing with the Smouldering Lake. Picked up from the extinguished bonfire inside of Firelink Shrine in the Untended Graves. Do separation crystals only work on NPC phantoms. The Pilgrim first appears in the Church of Yorshka bonfire room in Irithyll of the Boreal Valley. advertisement. Anri of Astora will be here if you have followed her/his questline up to this point, if you have found her/him in her/his two previous locations and after you encounter and kill Horace (If you fail to kill Horris in the smouldering lake. Show Your Humanity Puzzle Solution. Or you may opt to finish exploring the optional areas of Consumed King's Garden, Untended Graves and Archdragon Peak. High Wall of Lothric - from the Bonfire. Although the resident Peasant Hollows are relatively easy to deal with, dispatching the Hollow Slaves will prove to be. Get Wallpaper. Lost Izalith is a Location in Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered. Turn the lever counter-clockwise and you'll see a cinematic showing that this staircase tower can rotate and move up and down. At the ending of the game, the player can choose to Link the Flame himself. From a Bonfire you select the following menu options: Travel Attune Spell Organize Storage Box Burn Undead Bone Shard Begin journey x Undead Match Leave Bonfires Dark Souls III Guide Last update: 31 May 2016 0 Post Comment 3 0 Next Basic information Multiplayer Prev Basic information Attacks and special actions Bonfires are your landmarks and your rest places. Poison Pond 4. Reply Replies (1) 16 +1. Then head down the stairs on the left. Directly behind you is a Corvian - a friendly one at that. As she points out, she wont sell much but she does have a new weapon in her possession. When burned, a Bonfire Ascetic will change the entire bonfire area to the next playthrough level. From the Church of Yorshka Bonfire, head down the staircase and take a left down another staircase into a building. Level or Soul Level (SL) in Dark Souls 3 is the progression of your character's attribute growth through the acquisition of souls. Follow this guide exactly to ensure. DS3: Adding New Starting Classes to DS3: Anonim01: In this tutorial you will learn how to add new starting classes to DS3. Once you enter the Painted World of Ariandel and regain yourself, you’ll be in a small cave. Updated: 27 Sep 2020 18:13. Anonymous. The cave Warp to the Painted World of Ariandel from the Cleansing Chapel bonfire in Cathedral of the Deep, and you'll find yourself in a cave. Corvian Settlement4. Come to the rescue with eProcurement that’s blazingly fast, powered by peer insights, and so easy to use—loved by suppliers and evaluators alike. Ds3 easily has the least amount of interesting armor sets for fashion souls. Can be reinforced by burning Undead Bone Shard, at the Firelink Shrine bonfire, up to +10. True DS3 is like about the pilgrimage in DS3 where your Ashen 1 or King Arthur build and yet DS1 your Undead and everything puts 4 years later or is it 10 years later after you decide from Kindiling the bonfires in DS1 or not Kindle the bonfires in DS1 and if Anor Londo is in the 1st game goes to the 3rd game shouldn't we be able to import our. Gestures are a game mechanic that allows players to express emotion or direction. Keep Ruins bonfire in Dark Souls 3. The achievement is strangely worded. new $7. Irithyll Dungeon. The Road of Sacrifices is a location in Dark Souls III. Her summon sign is after the Keep Ruins Bonfire: Go down the ramp, and to the right- The sign is outside the tower with the five slugs inside. This allows each swig from the flask to replenish more health. The covenant can be gained by equipping the item Aldrich Faithful which is obtained from the Irithyll of the Boreal Valley. This is to the left of the Undead Settlement bonfire, past the house; Road of Sacrifices: From the Crucifixion Woods bonfire head towards the Crystal Sage. If you offer a Pale Tongue to Rosaria (this fails Sirris' questline), Yellowfinger Heysel will be summonable in the Farron Keep swamp. It can be found on a corpse in front of a vessel in the center of a room accessed direcly after the bonfire. Continue your journey either to Farron Keep or Catacombs of Carthus via the Road of Sacrifices or Irithyll of the Boreal Valley if you have already cleared Farron Keep and the Catacombs of Carthus. In Aldia's Keep, Behind one of the wooden shelves in the room filled with bright green glass containers. These upgrades require finding Undead Bone Shards. Our Corvian. Ds3 really did go over board with bonfires. He is reachable later in the level. Will be. Welcome to IGN's Walkthrough and Guide for Dark Souls 3, continuing with Lothric Castle. 0-1. Extract the contents from the zip file. This is a complete companion for Dark Souls III containing content compiled from various sources on the entire game. Damaging the wyvern in the High Wall until its health depletes to a certain point will prompt it to fly away, leaving the area for good and. Supply. The Dancer is a tall armored knight with a spectral cape and skulks. Here, you'll find items, a new spell and an optional boss. Symbol of Avarice is a Helm in Dark Souls 3. Able to summon other players via soul sign. Upon cindering themselves, the former headquarters of Farron's Undead Legion became a vast rotting wood. "A Fire Keeper's soul is a draw for humanity, and held within their bosoms, below just a thin layer of skin, are swarms of humanity. The Road of Sacrifices is a perilous road over cliff edges that leads to the Crucifixion Woods. The Angel is a large and extremely aggressive aerial based enemy that barrages the player with beams of light that do a considerable amount of damage. See full list on ign. Dark Souls 3 uses Soul Level + Upgrade Level to determine multiplayer ranges. Demon Ruins is a Location in Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered. The crow is referred to as "Nestling" in the end credits, and is voiced by Clare Corbett. Champion Gundyr must be defeated in order to reach the shrine. High Wall of Lothric + Show High Wall of Lothric Bonfires Undead Settlement + Show Undead Settlement Bonfires. 134 Like. This Dark Souls 3 Dragonslayer Armour Guide features locations, strategies and videos on how to defeat Dragonslayer Armour easily, as well as tips, weaknesses, trivia and lore notes for the Dragonslayer Armour boss. A non-hostile Man Grub outside Rosaria 's chamber will drop the Red Sign Soapstone upon death. 2k more. There’s also another bonfire, Twin Princes , at. This way, you level up the bonfire (with the cap at 10), which translates directly into the potency of Estus flasks and Ashen Estus flasks. Slave Knight Gael is an NPC in Dark Souls 3 (DS3). You'll find this Estus Shard in the Road of Sacrifices, but it will be easier if you start at the Halfway Fortress bonfire. Meeting the Inhabitants Smouldering Lake Location. Drakeblood Set (After you deafeat the Drakeblood warrior the first time in Archdragon Peak. Once the last boss (The Soul of Cinder) dies just interact with the bonfire. The fading flame momentarily illuminates and launches. As for players that need Titanite Shards early-game, the best location to farm Titanite Shards DS3 offers is the High Wall of Lothric. Can be summoned for. Aldrich appears to the player as a dark mass of bones and. Submit. 48 54,302 15 0. " // Unbreakable Patches This is the last thing I have left to do, storywise in DS3. If you enter the Ringed City before meeting him at the Cleansing Chapel, an alternate cutscene. To find him in Firelink approach Blacksmith Andre, and go left, and make a left down the far hallway. The Prison Tower Bonfire is a special one, located almost beside Anor Londo. Interacting with her allows the player to spend souls to level up, and later, heal the Dark Sigil using the Fire Keeper Soul. Burn at the Firelink Shrine bonfire to participate in Undead Matches. Take a stroll back to the Cathedral and go to Ariandel. After lighting the bonfire, go up the stairs and deal with the two Silver Knights along the way. It is part of the Dragonslayer Set. A powerful knight that serves as a mini-boss. 1920x1080 - Brothers Bound by Curse. Anri's gender is always the opposite of the player character's gender. This chamber has a downward stair that wraps along the wall; two Skeletons. Summoning takes place automatically when equipped. It's recommended to take a look at the "Changing Starting Classes and Class Names/Descriptions in DS3" tutorial beforehand, since this video expands on it. ; Gives "Silent Ally" gesture. Get there from: Road of Sacrifices. So I backtracked all the way to a bonfire, I can't rest at it. Grand Archives Map. Learn how the Bonfire. You can summon Sirris of the Sunless Realms to help you fight this enemy (must have completed. Infinitely sold by the starter merchant for 200 souls each, where souls are worth even. [60fps] Dark Souls 2 PS4 vs Xbox One Gameplay Frame. Gives "Darkmoon Loyalty" gesture. Rosaria is the leader of Rosaria's Fingers, an invasion Covenant in Dark Souls 3. Same effect as Homeward Bone, only it can be used an infinite number of times. Windmill 3. Right after 2nd bonfire when angel starts firing at you if you look to the shack in the far back to the right you can run there right after the angel kills one of the thralls making a. It is first accessed by an elevator guarded by a Consumed King's Knight. Dragonslayer Armour is a Boss in Dark Souls 3. ] it will regain/take back its power, and enable transfer between bonfires. High Wall of Lothric is a Location in Dark Souls 3. She stands upright instead of crawling on all fours and shambles with deceivingly slow steps. Rest and warp back to the Crucifixion. Keeping Greirat alive during 2nd outing (Irithyll): 1. If you have ever wondered what the images below your bar represent, this page has the answer. ; The wolf appears to be dead, however he is actually asleep. DS3 Anor Londo is better in pretty much everything than DS1 Anor Londo. I consider myself to be veteran of DS series, and the first thing that I noticed in DS3 is that there is waaaay too many. It is recommended by the developers for players that have cleared Lothric Castle. )The Prison Tower Bonfire is a special one, located almost beside Anor Londo. See New Player Help for an overview. High Lord Wolnir is a Boss enemy in Dark Souls 3. Cathedral of the Deep Maps Instead, continue forward. Watch the enemy's moves closely. After the boss fight a cutscene will occur, placing you in front of a bonfire and a long hallway that filters back into the main Dragon-Kin. Look to the right of the bonfire, and right of the circling stairs to see a broken chunk of the rampart that looks straight over the next section of the wall. Using the Coiled Sword Fragment will present the player with the option of teleporting to. 1. From the Undead Settlement bonfire, proceed to the open courtyard with the Evangelist by the large bonfire. 39K views. Oceiros, the Consumed King is an optional boss in Dark Souls III. Farron Keep: Go straight out from the starting bonfire. 2. These lava filled ruins are accessed via a passage beneath the bell tower in Quelaag's Domain, and so it is available quite early on in the game. The very form of this creature is thought to be a form of brand, a punishment for sin. Jump left or right to avoid the boulder. They clearly meant to port the Bloodborne experience into Dark Souls, but it doesn't work so well turning a formerly slow paced exploratory game into a linear action. Open the door ahead and rest at the High Wall of Lothric bonfire. 2k. "Ashen one, to be unkindled is to be a vessel for souls" As one of the Unkindled, and with the Fire Keeper's help, we can effectively consume collected souls and become stronger. Dragonslayer Armour. The mound-makers wish only to add to their mounds, becoming mad spirits whether summoned as co-operators or invaders. This optional path takes the Ashen One towards Oceiros, who despairs in madness in the far halls. Dragonslayer Set is an Armor in Dark Souls 3. Weak to Frost, Thrust and Lightning. The Final Boss uses a coiled sword as a primary weapon, having the name of "Firelink Greatsword". Full Untended Graves Walkthrough. Warriors of Sunlight are brilliantly beaming co-operators who place their golden signatures to help those in need, for it is their duty to deliver a great conquest to their summoner. These pages will seek to prepare you for what lies ahead in the game, which enemies you'll face, and. Step 3 - Win the fight then return. This holiday. DARK SOULS™ III > General Discussions > Topic Details. From the Anor Londo bonfire or approaching from Darkmoon Tomb, walk to the spinning tower. 3. At the Vordt of the Boreal Valley bonfire, run straight. now is that a bad thing to make the game more stream line ala DS3 no i think thats what makes DS3 good it makes you stop. UselessViking. The Dancer of the Boreal Valley is a boss in Dark Souls III. This allows each swig from the flask to replenish more health. Previous: Irithyll Of. This Dark Souls 3 Abyss Watchers Guide features locations, strategies and videos on how to defeat the Abyss Watchers easily, as well as tips, weaknesses, trivia and lore notes for the Abyss Watchers boss. Alright, so I ran some tests (literally). Oceiros appears as an old, decaying dragon with pale, translucent skin and a notable lack of scales, and bearing a staff. 2.